cpp pointer

c++ pointer

cpp memory management: pointer, new, delete, this

c++ memory management: pointer, new, delete, this

cpp pointer

-)

cpp/c++ pointer

First of all, you must know that you can declare many variables in c++. Each variable will occupy a small space in memory. You can imagine every space that a variable occupied in memory as a grid, every grid has an unique address. Then you imagine that, there is a new kind of variable: its value is another variable's address. then we give that new kind of variable a name: pointer.

See c++ pointer code to get how to coding above description:

int dd = 25;
int * ee = ⅆ

std::cout << dd << std::endl;	// 25		- take the value of dd
std::cout << *ee << std::endl;	// 25		- take the value of dd by its address !

-)

The pointer can be applied to c++ object too:

class one_class
{
};

one_class nn;
one_class * uu = &nn;

pointer variable uu stores the address of nn.

-)

To access the members of a class by using a pointer, you can use -> operator:

class one_class
{
private:
	int x;
public:
	void set(int x1)
	{
		x = x1;
	}
	int get()
	{
		return x;
	}
};

one_class nn;
one_class * uu = &nn;
uu->set(3);		// access method by using operator ->, if the object is an pointer.
int r = uu->get();
std::cout << r << std::endl;

new, delete

In the above case, when we declare a pointer, we have declared a variable previously:

one_class nn;
one_class * uu = &nn;

We declare nn, then declare a pointer uu to hold address of nn.

-)

But there is another case always: we do not want to declare a name for what the pointer points to, we just want to declare the pointer directly, then "new" can do that:

one_class * uu = new one_class{};

In this case, uu is variable, its value is another variable's address, that the another variable is the object of class one_class .

-)

-) delete !

If you create something by new, you must destroy it by delete when you do not want it any more!

one_class * uu = new one_class{};
int r = uu->get();
delete uu;

-)

auto can be applied to new too:

auto * uu = new one_class{};
delete uu;

this

You must know that, the class object has an implicit pointer which points to itself, that is the this pointer!

I have to explain it by an example.

#include <iostream>

class one2_class
{
private:
	int x;
public:
	one2_class()
	{
		this->x = 12;	// pointer this 
	}
	one2_class(int x1):
		x{x1}	// this means applying value from x1 to x.
	{
	}
	one2_class(double x1)
	{
		// pointer this
		this->x = static_cast<int>(x1) + 100000;
	}
	void print()
	{
		std::cout << "x is " << x << std::endl;
		std::cout << "x is " << (this->x) << std::endl;		// pointer this
		std::cout << "x is " << (this->get()) << std::endl;		// pointer this
	}
	int get()
	{
		return x;
	}
};

int main()
{
	auto obj1 = one2_class{345};
	obj1.print();

	auto obj2 = one2_class{34.5};
	obj2.print();

	auto * test = new one2_class{};
	delete test;
}

Output:

x is 345
x is 345
x is 345
x is 100034
x is 100034
x is 100034

You can see that, you can access the members of class object by pointer this.

(anchor here: what-this-points-to)

I have to make a clear notice that:

For rule-3, read the following program:

#include <iostream>

class one3_class
{
public:
	int get_a()
	{
		return 5;
	}
	int get_b()
	{
		return this->get_a();	// pointer this
	}
};

int main()
{
}

The this never and can never point to the class one3_class,

it should point to an object of one3_class,

but because no any object of one3_class is created,

any object semantics does not exist,

so its related semantic this does not exist too.

-)

Written on Sep 20, 2024

Update on Oct 31, 2024: add anchor label: what-this-points-to

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c++ std::exception:

std::cout.write(err.data(), err.size());

std::cout << std::endl;

caught:

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